Just to Confirm…….. Have you already Copy/Saved all the "files" from the XP CD Folder "i386" into a Folder at C:\i386
Clarification:
From the XP CD you would click to Open i386, then use Edit - Select All - to "highlight" all individual files
Then use Edit - Copy - to copy the "files"
Then open your newly created Folder at C:\i386 - then Select - Edit - Paste
(why am I going throught these elementary steps?)
Sometimes people make the "easy mistake" of "copying the 'Folder' of i386 from the XP CD.
As a result, they end up with C:\i386\i386\*.*files
SFC "looks" for the necessary files at the "address" of "one step before the folder" meaning SFC searches C:\ for the Folder i386 with os files contained therein.
Therefore if you made the above mistake, SFC would find i386(Folder) to contain i386(folder) and not the expected list of files, and it would "fail", prompting it to instruct you to insert a CD.
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OK, assuming that you have completed the above correctly, and did not make the "easy mistake"
You may be faced with the need to perform a non-destructive Repair Installation.
Observation:
I have not encountered the situation like yours, where the "strings": SourcePath, ServicePackCachePath, ServicePackSourcePath - simply didn't exist in the Registry.
In prior situations, I've always been successful finding the "string" and "changing the "value"" as necessary.
So if the Folder C:\i386 now exists as per my above clarification,………. I'm "stumpt"!
Therefore the next-least-destructive-step, would be a Repair Install.
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Before you move on to Repair Installation:
Regarding the "other" solution:
Have you completed the suggested changes?
The incorrect prompt to insert a Windows XP Pro CD when running SFC on an XP Home system is a well known bug, and is due to errors in the Fp40ext.inf file, and on some systems the Ims.inf file, both located in the INF folder. To resolve the problem, open each file in Notepad, scroll to the [strings] section, and change each instance of "Windows XP Professional" to "Windows XP Home".
If you perform this "fix" on the indicated INF files, you should probably be able to complete SFC when prompted to insert XP CD, because SFC would now be expecting Windows XP Home
Best Regards